Energy Statistics India 2025

Syllabus: GS3/Energy

Context

• Recently, the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) has unveiled its annual publication, ‘Energy Statistics India 2025’, through the National Statistics Office (NSO).

India’s Energy Scenario in 2025

• Total Energy Supply and Demand:
  • Supply: Approximately 1,800 Million Tonnes of Oil Equivalent (MToE), reflecting an annual increase of 4.5% compared to 2024.
  • Demand: It is driven primarily by industrial growth (40%), transportation (25%), and residential consumption (20%).
• Energy Mix (Sources and Shares):
  • Coal: 48%
  • Oil: 28%
  • Natural Gas: 8%
  • Renewables (Solar, Wind, Hydro, Biomass): 12%
  • Nuclear: 4%
• Fossil Fuel Reserves and Production (Total coal reserves: 320 billion tonnes):
  • Coal Reserves and Production: The distribution of coal reserves in India is concentrated in a few states like Odisha (25.47%), Jharkhand (23.58%), Chhattisgarh (21.23%), West Bengal (8.72%) and Madhya Pradesh (8.43%).
    • These states account for approximately 85% of the total coal reserves in India.
  • Total estimated reserves of lignite as on 01-04-2024 stood at 47.30 billion tonnes. The highest reserves of lignite are located in the state of Tamil Nadu (79%).
    • Annual coal production: 950 million tonnes, meeting 85% of domestic demand.
    • India remains the second-largest coal producer globally, after China.
  • Crude Oil: Geographically, the maximum crude oil reserves in India are concentrated in the Western Offshore region (32% of the total crude oil reserves). It is followed by the Assam region (22% of the country’s crude oil reserves).

• Natural Gas Reserves: Largest reserves of natural gas in India are located in the Western Offshore region (approximately 31% of the total natural gas reserves). It is followed by the Eastern Offshore (approx 24% of the reserves).

Renewable Energy Growth

• Potentials: Wind Power dominates share (around 55%), followed by Solar Energy and Large Hydro.
  • Geographical Distribution of Renewable Energy Potential: More than half of the potential for generation of renewable energy has been concentrated within the four States of India viz. Rajasthan (20.3%), Maharashtra (11.8%), Gujarat (10.5%) and Karnataka (9.8%).

• Solar and Wind Power Expansion: The National Solar Mission and Wind Energy Development Programme have played a crucial role in achieving these milestones:
  • Solar Power Capacity: 175 GW (up from 150 GW in 2024)
  • Wind Power Capacity: 50 GW (up from 45 GW in 2024)
• Hydro and Biomass Energy:
  • Hydropower: 52 GW, providing 12% of total electricity generation.
  • Biomass and Waste-to-Energy: 15 GW, contributing to sustainable energy practices in rural areas.

• Electricity Generation and Consumption Trends:
  • Installed Capacity and Generation: India’s total installed power generation capacity stands at 450 GW, an increase from 420 GW in 2024.
  • Total electricity generation: 1,700 TWh (terawatt-hours).
  • Per capita electricity consumption: 1,500 kWh per year, reflecting economic growth and urbanization.

• Distribution and Transmission:
  • Transmission losses have reduced to around 17% during FY 2023-24 (23% during FY 2014-15) due to Smart Grid Initiatives.

Energy Efficiency and Sustainability Measures

• Government Policies and Initiatives:
  • National Hydrogen Mission: Promoting Green Hydrogen production for industrial use.
  • Perform, Achieve, and Trade (PAT) Scheme: Encouraging industries to adopt energy-efficient technologies.
  • Faster Adoption of Electric Vehicles (FAME-III): Boosting EV sales and charging infrastructure.
• Carbon Emissions and Climate Targets:
  • India’s carbon emissions in 2025 are projected at 2.9 billion tonnes CO₂, a 4% decline due to increased renewable energy usage.
  • Commitment to net-zero emissions by 2070 remains a long-term goal.

Future Outlook

• Future Energy Projections (2026-2030):
  • Renewable energy share is expected to reach 25% by 2030.
  • Energy demand will continue growing at 5% annually, driven by economic expansion.

Challenges Ahead

• Dependence on Fossil Fuels: India still relies heavily on coal and imported crude oil.
• Energy Security Risks: Geopolitical uncertainties affect oil and gas imports.
• Infrastructure Bottlenecks: Need for grid modernization and storage solutions for renewables.

Source: PIB