Chettur Sankaran Nair
Syllabus: GS1/Personality in News
Context
- PM Narendra Modi recently paid tribute to Chettur Sankaran Nair, highlighting his fight for justice in the aftermath of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.
About
- Sir Chettur Sankaran Nair was a nationalist, jurist, and social reformer known for his fierce independence and commitment to justice.
- In 1897, he became the youngest president of the Indian National Congress at the Amaravathi Session.
- By 1908, he was a permanent judge of the Madras High Court.
- At the time of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, CS Nair served as Education Minister and the sole Indian representative in the Viceroy’s Executive Council.
- Deeply affected by the massacre, he resigned from the Viceroy’s Council in protest against British atrocities.
- He later accused Michael O’Dwyer, the Lieutenant Governor of Punjab during the massacre, of enabling the killings.
- O’Dwyer sued Nair for defamation in an English court in 1924.
- The trial lasted five and a half weeks, making it the longest-running civil case at that time.
- Nair was ordered to pay £500 and court costs, but refused to apologize, despite an offer from O’Dwyer to waive the fine if he did.
- The trial exposed the prejudice of the British legal system, fueling nationalist sentiment in India.
Source: IE
India-Denmark Reaffirm Expansion of Green Strategic Partnership
Syllabus :GS 2/IR
In News
- Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Denmark’s Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen discussing bilateral ties and global developments.
India and Denmark
- They established diplomatic ties in 1949, grounded in shared democratic values and a commitment to peace.
- Their relationship was elevated to a “Green Strategic Partnership” during a virtual summit in September 2020, guiding current bilateral cooperation.
Bilateral institutional mechanisms
- India and Denmark have several bilateral institutional mechanisms, including the Joint Commission Meeting (since 2008) and Foreign Office Consultations (since 1995). These forums cover areas of mutual interest.
Economic
- In 2023, India-Denmark bilateral trade stood at USD 5.3 billion, with Indian exports at USD 2.74 billion and imports at USD 2.59 billion.
- This was a decline from USD 6.64 billion in 2022.
- India’s key exports to Denmark include textiles, vehicles, metal goods, leather, and travel goods, while major Danish exports to India are pharmaceuticals, power and industrial machinery, metal waste, and organic chemicals.
Latest Developments
- India-Denmark reviewed progress under the Green Strategic Partnership, highlighting growing Danish investments in India’s green transition.
- They also exchanged views on regional and global issues
Source :Air
Type 5 diabetes
Syllabus: GS2/Health
Context
- Type 5 diabetes has been officially recognized as a distinct form of the disease by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF).
About
- Type 5 diabetes is a form of diabetes affecting lean and malnourished teenagers and young adults in low- and middle-income countries.
- It is also called malnutrition-related diabetes as it mostly affects lean people who have faced long-term undernutrition, especially during childhood.
- It was first reported in Jamaica in 1955 as J-type diabetes.
- Unlike type 2 diabetes, which is linked to obesity and insulin resistance, this type is caused by poor development of the pancreas, due to lack of nutrition over the years.
- People with type 5 diabetes have a hard time making enough insulin, which is the hormone that helps control blood sugar levels.
- But unlike people with type 2 diabetes, their bodies can still respond well to insulin.
- Treatment: Many people with type 5 diabetes may not even need insulin injections, and can be treated with oral medicines.
International Diabetes Federation (IDF)
- It is an umbrella organization of over 230 national diabetes associations in 165 countries and territories.
- It was founded in 1950 at Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- It represents the interests of the growing number of people with diabetes and those at risk.
- IDF’s mission is to promote diabetes care, prevention and a cure worldwide.
Source: IE
Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA)
Syllabus: GS2-Governance, Health
Context
- Kerala’s ASHA community has been staging protests demanding better remuneration and retirement benefits.
About ASHAs?
- An Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) is a community health worker employed by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) as a part of India’s National Rural Health Mission (NRHM).
- The mission began in 2005 and full implementation was targeted for 2012.
- The idea behind the Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) was to connect marginalized communities to the health care system to ensure awareness and timely access to health and family welfare services, to act as first responders in underserved areas with limited access to medical care etc.
- On an average, an ASHA worker earns around ₹6,000-10,000 per month, including monthly honorarium from the Central and State governments, and incentives.
- ASHAs played a pivotal role during the COVID-19 pandemic, managing local surveillance, awareness, and care.
- In 2022, they received the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Global Leaders Award, recognizing their unparalleled community service.
Source: TH
ONDC
Syllabus: GS3/ Economy
In News
- ONDC gets eight interim executive committee members until the new CEO steps in.
What is ONDC?
- It is just like a “UPI for e-commerce”. Just like UPI lets any app send or receive money, ONDC wants to make it easier for buyers, sellers, delivery partners, and platforms to work together no matter which app or website they use.
- ONDC is backed by the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
- It’s built using open-source tech and follows common rules so that no single platform controls everything.
- It wants to help small kirana stores and local sellers get online and compete with big e-commerce players.
- It also aims to simplify logistics, reduce costs, and make sure consumers get more choices and better deals.
Source: LM
Women in Manufacturing Sector in India
Syllabus: GS3/Economy
Context
- The share of women in India’s formal manufacturing sector fell from 20.9% in 2015-16 to 18.9% in 2022-23 (Periodic Labour Force Survey).
Key Facts of Manufacturing Sector
- Manufacturing as a Growth Driver: Key to Viksit Bharat; contributes ~20% to India’s GDP.
- Low Female Participation: Women in formal manufacturing fell from 20.9% (2015-16) to 18.9% (2022-23).
- Tamil Nadu’s Dominance: Employs 41% of all women in formal manufacturing.
- Informal Sector: Women make up 43% of the informal manufacturing workforce.
- Gender Gap: Bihar, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, Haryana have <6% female workforce in formal manufacturing.
- Even industrialized States (Gujarat, Maharashtra, U.P.) have <15% women in formal manufacturing.
Source: TH
Operation Chakra V
Syllabus :GS 3/Cyber Security
In News
- The CBI arrested four people in connection with a ‘Digital Arrests’ fraud, as part of ‘Operation Chakra V,’ after searches at 12 locations.
Operation CHAKRA
- It is an initiative of the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) which was launched in 2022.
- It is a global initiative supported by INTERPOL to combat and dismantle organized cyber-enabled financial crime networks.
- These crimes, including impersonation, phishing, romance, and lottery scams, involve sophisticated tactics such as data harvesting, customized messaging, money mules, and call center operations.
Objectives and Need
- The criminals operate globally, targeting victims across various jurisdictions and causing significant financial losses.
- The operation aims to coordinate law enforcement efforts internationally to address the growing threat of cyber-enabled financial crimes.
| Do you know? – A digital arrest scam is a cybercrime where scammers impersonate law enforcement, using tactics like phone calls, text messages, or social media to falsely accuse victims of crimes such as money laundering, tax evasion, or cybercrime, in an attempt to deceive and intimidate them. |
Source :TH
Mantis Shrimp
Syllabus :GS3/Environment
In News
- A joint US-French research team discovered that the mantis shrimp’s powerful strike is made possible without self-injury due to a specialized microstructure in its club.
Mantis shrimp
- The mantis shrimp is a small, colorful ocean creature, about 10 cm long
- It is known for its fearsome predatory abilities despite its unassuming appearance.
- It lives in warm, shallow waters in the Indian and Pacific oceans.
- It is a powerful ocean predator which uses a specialized hammer-like appendage called the dactyl club to strike prey at speeds of 23 m/s.
- This powerful strike not only generates shockwaves but also avoids causing recoil damage to the shrimp itself
Latest Discovery
- Researchers discovered that the club’s specialized microstructure uses phononic shielding to absorb and redirect recoil energy. .
- The mantis shrimp’s club has three layers: a hard outer layer of hydroxyapatite and two inner layers with biopolymer fibers arranged in patterns that resist damage and manipulate shockwave propagation.
- The internal structure acts as a phononic bandgap, blocking certain frequencies of energy waves and preventing damage.
Importance
- This natural design mirrors metamaterials, previously thought to be man-made, and opens doors to bio-inspired innovations like better protective gear and energy-trapping materials.
- These insights may inspire biomimetic materials for protective gear, reducing injuries from blasts in military and sports.
Source :TH
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