One Day One Genome Initiative

Syllabus: GS3/ Science and Technology

Context

• The Department of Biotechnology (DBT) and Biotechnology Research and Innovation Council (BRIC) introduced the ‘One Day One Genome’ initiative.

About

• The initiative aims to release the fully annotated genomes of unique bacterial species found in India, making the data publicly accessible. 
• This will include detailed graphical summaries, genome assembly details, and infographics to inform about the microbes’ scientific and industrial applications.

Role of Microorganisms in Ecosystems

• Environmental Impact: It participates in biogeochemical cycles, soil formation, and degradation of pollutants.
  • It contributes to methane production and global homeostasis.
• Agriculture: It facilitates nitrogen fixation, nutrient cycling, and pest control.
• Human Health: Symbiotic microorganisms outnumber human cells in the body and defend against pathogens.
  • They also support digestion, immunity, and mental health.

Genome Sequencing

• It is the process of determining the complete DNA sequence of an organism’s genome, which includes all its genes and non-coding regions. 
• It involves identifying the exact order of the four nucleotide bases (adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine) that make up the DNA.

Significance of Genome Sequencing

• Scientific Advancement: Enables identification of valuable microbial traits for sustainable innovations.
• Public Awareness: Encourages greater understanding of microbial diversity and its applications.
• Industrial Potential: Supports research in enzyme development, disease control, and bioactive compound discovery.

Way Ahead

• The One Day One Genome initiative will contribute to advancing microbial research in India, paving the way for scientific breakthroughs in biotechnology and sustainable development. 
• By uncovering the hidden potential of microorganisms, the initiative aligns with global efforts to leverage biodiversity for societal benefit.

Source: PIB