YOJANA March 2024

Chapter 1- Traditional Art Forms in Digital Age

• Art in any form is a manifestation of human brain's potential for creation.
• India is a nation with a strong cultural and artistichistory.
• India is home to a wide variety of art forms that are passed down from generation to generation due to its unique and distinctcultures.
• While some have changed over time to accommodate new paint and material options, others have remained unchanged by modernization.
• Each type of art is distinctive in its way and is highly regarded. These art forms had previously only been found in wall paintings or murals. These days, however, they can also be found on canvas, paper, linen, etc.

1. Bhil painting

• Art is an important part of the Bhil community.
• They take part in all kinds of art forms and activities, one of which is their striking paintings.
• It has the presence of numerous dots, spreading skillfully throughout the artwork.
• The chosen bright, natural colours and the uniform pattern and dots fill the artwork with life.
• They showcase the peacefulness and beauty of mother nature through the art form.

2. Pattachitra artwork

• It is traditional art form from the lap of the beautiful state of Odisha and West Bengal.
• It is a traditional art form from the lap of the beautiful state of Odisha and West Bengal that brings forward the unique tradition of cloth-based scroll painting.
• It usually describes several mythological incidents through highly detailed and well-designed paintings on the scroll.

3. Madhubani paintings

• Commonly referred to as Mithilapainting, is centered in the Mithila region of Bihar. It is one of the earliest forms of art.
• It is one of the most well-known and cherished forms of Indian art.
• These artworks, which were created using rice flour, twigs, and natural colours, have gained international recognition.
• While some of them are devoted to gods and goddesses, others depict ordinary people going about their daily lives. The variety of subjects is what distinguishes Madhubani as a timeless art style.

4. Warli art form

• It is one of India's oldest forms of art.
• It originated from the Warli tribes of India's Western Ghat.
• In order to create a variety of forms and represent everyday activities like fishing, hunting, festivals, dance, and more, circles, triangles, and squares are primarily used.
• All of the paintings have a red ochre or black background, while the shapes are all white.

5. Mandana art

• Mandana paintings are a form of ornamental tribal art that is produced throughout India.
• It was primarily originated from Rajasthan but practiced in many parts of India.
• These artworks are set against walls and floors. The first painters in Mandana were members of the ancient ethnic communities known as Meenas.
• It incorporates its people's customs and cultures into a straightforward but beautiful painting.

6. Tanjore painting

• It is a traditional South Indian painting style that originated in the Tamil Nadu town of Thanjavur (also spelled Tanjore).
• Cut glasses, valuable or semi-precious stones, and gold leaves are used to embellish the paintings.
• Gods and goddesses are the most frequently explored subject in Tanjore art, while other recurrent themes include birds, flowers, and animals.
• The beauty of this art resides in the fact that the shine and glean of the gold leaf utilized in these works of art stay forever.
• The paintings are painstakingly created utilizing ancient techniques.

Chapter 2- Popular Music in India

• Popular music is a genre that has recently emerged from traditional music. It is a type of music that pleases the senses of the masses.
• Rules are less stringent in popular music than they are in classical music.
• Primary reason for its existence is the need of ‘newness' in current music. ‘
• Popular music gives importance to words along with the tune; it is pleasing and entertaining and thus far from abstract.

Nayasangeet

• Popular music is diverse. It has many forms under its umbrella, like classical music, film music, band music, bhavasangeet, abhangs, bhajans and bhaktigeete.
• Monarchy ended in India leaving no patronage for classical music and musicians. Both music and musicians became entirely dependent on people for its sustenance.
• Its dependency on people resulted in a change in the format of music so as to appeal to the masses.
• A full-fledged khayal presentation was capsulated into short compositions for appreciation and entertainment.
• These compositions were presented as a part of theatre and therefore, were called theatre music.
• Theatre music was called Natyasangeet', the songs were called Natyageete and the theatre form with these songs was called Sangeet Natak'.
• Due to the novel ornamentations, tune, rich literature, and quality of singing, Natyasangeet became a popular form.

Film Music

• In the 1980s decade, the boom in sound technology changed the music in films significantly with RD Burman and later with AR Rahman's contribution to film music as music directors.
• The single-track recordings done in the beginning era of sound recording shifted to multi-track recordings which is extremely conducive to ‘new age music' or popular music
• The single-track recording depended largely on talented musicians, singers and arrangers.
• These factors play a key role in making popular music of good quality. In the current times, too, songs in films are part of the storyline.

Regional Popular Music

• Bhavasangeet or bhavageete' are sung in all the regional languages in India. They are also called light music.
• The voice application in this form of music is seldom full-throated and the words and emotions are of high importance.
• Popular music, being a lighter form of music, can be more appreciated by the masses.
• The time duration per piece is limited to a few minutes which makes it easier for the lay audience to sit through it.
• All these forms of music are like jewels, which makes the entire world of music massive, diverse, and rich.

Chapter 3-Folk Art Reimagined using Modern Art Techniques and Contexts

• Integrating smart technology offers an opportunity for folk art forms to evolve and reach broader audiences through digital dissemination by transcending geographical and cultural boundaries.
• The challenge lies in devising a well-thought-out practical solution wherein these art forms, while retaining their intrinsic cultural significance, can adapt and flourish amidst the rapid pace of change.

Preserving Cultural Identity and Adapting to Change

• Folk art forms are deeply rooted in the cultural specifics of communities and serve as a medium for preserving unique customs and contributing to fostering communal cohesion.
• These art forms play a crucial role in shaping the cultural identity of communities and geographic regions.
• They serve as a means for articulating collective consciousness and their historical legacy.
• Unlike classical art forms, folk arts exhibit a dynamic and adaptable nature, often responding to contemporary influences and trends.
• The process of globalization has facilitated cross-cultural influences on them.
• Folk traditions are gradually shifting from their roots or the cultural contexts in which they have primarily originated.

Transformative Power of Traditional Performing Arts

• Live physical performances have long been integral to the artistic experience, adding a rich layer of connection between the artist and the audience.
• As technology continues to advance, there is a growing concern among traditional masters about whether performance through virtual mediums can adequately convey the nuanced expressions that are expected to be felt physically.
• When attended physically and performed by an eminent maestro, these art forms have the power to elevate the consciousness of the audience, guiding them on a transformative journey towards connecting them with themselves
• It becomes a powerful medium for infusing them with a sense of wonder and expanding their consciousness to new horizons, the art forms have a philosophical and spiritual dimension.

Concerns for Digital Transition Preservation

• In the modern era, folk art and music are shifting to the digital realm for their presentation.
• This provides an opportunity for these arts to preserve their cultural heritage, and they can reach a broader audience, particularly among younger generations.
• Some musicologists have emphasized the importance of preserving the purity and authenticity of folk-art forms as they represent in-depth human expressions.
• While technology is offering unprecedented opportunities for innovation and dissemination, it also poses a risk of reducing art to mere computational algorithms or digitized templates confined within the non-human electronic music sphere.
• There is the danger of algorithmic bias and mass standardization for these artforms, which can inadvertently erase the locality-specific nuances of folk traditions.
• Traditional folk art carries layers of history, symbolism, and cultural significance within it. Such elements may not easily translate into the binary language of computers or the virtual spaces of the digitized realm.
• it is essential to approach the digitization of folk art with sensitivity and respect for its diversity and its connection to heritage.

Conclusion- We need to ensure that the digital adaptations remain true to the cultural roots and heritage of these art forms. By striking a well-thought-out balance between innovation and preservation, we can ensure that folk art forms thrive in the digital age without sacrificing their essence.

Chapter 4- The Power of Art for Healing and Self-Expression

• Art is an expression of the self.
• Art, like any language or music is one of the few things that make humans differ from animals.
• Philosophically viewed, art is always an interpretation of the problem of reality—a response, a reaction to reality in which we are forced to live.
• It's criticism, praise, or correction of reality.
• Art is creating an ideal model of reality or sometimes, it's critique or negation.

Art goes beyond words

• Cathartic power of art has been tapped by humans in their cave dwellings.
• Catharsis or free expression, is one of the best therapeutic tools known to psychologists.
• Art therapy uses art for healing through self-expression.

Children and art

• Many children find it easier to express their emotions through drawing, painting, or other artistic forms rather than through words.
• An art therapist can use the child's art to better understand the child's emotional responses and thoughts.

Art for Persons with Special Needs

• Most children with special needs face issues in communication. It is difficult and different for them to express themselves, because their needs and challenges are so unique.
• Art is the freedom to express without any right or wrong.
• Any person, whether neurotypical or neurodivergent, physically challenged or gifted in any way, finds solace and expression in art.
• Art therapy can be used to help people improve cognitive and sensory motor function. Eye hand coordination develops by practicing with any tool or surface, be it finger print, crayon or nay other object.
• The psychological process behind art as therapy, is to obtain a state-of-mind that exists in a calm and non-judgmental space.

Benefits of art as a source of healing and power

1. Aid to expression- person is able to see his or her emotional thoughts, and visualize them, it helps in analyzing the source of such feelings.
2. Building Confidence and gaining control: Art is never ‘wrong' This basic nature of art, gives the artist a sense of control and the ability to make a choice.
3. Improving motor skills and cognitive capacity in any child: Art is a verb, something that has to be physically performed. This movement, the action by the person, and the outcome (which is never wrong) lead to cognitive and motor development as well as emotional regulation.
4. Creative outlet: It breeds self-expression which the leads to creativity.

Conclusion- Anxiety and fear are the most important states that prevent healing and development. Philosophically viewed, art is always an interpretation of the problem of reality-a response, a reaction to reality in which we are forced to live. It is criticism, praise, or correction of reality. Art is creating an ideal model of reality, or sometimes, it's critique or negation.

 

 

Chapter 5- Impact of Digital Technology and Social Media on Art Measuems

An Art Museum is a public or private institution that collects, preserves, exhibits, and interprets works of art for the education and enjoyment of the public.

• These institutions typically house a diverse range of artistic objects, including paintings, sculptures, furniture, drawings, prints, photographs, textiles, ceramics, and decorative arts.

Museums in India

• India is home to many art museums that showcase the country's rich cultural heritage and artistic traditions.
• Some notable art museums in India include-

1. National Museum, New Delhi- It is one of the largest museums in India, with a vast collection of art, artefacts, and antiquities from different periods of Indian history.
2. National Gallery of Modern Art (NGMA), New Delhi- Established in 1954, NGMA is one of the premier art institutions in India, showcasing modern and contemporary Indian art.
3. Salar Jung Museum, Hyderabad- It houses one of the largest private collections of art and antiques in the world.
4. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu, Mumbai- It houses an impressive collection of Indian art, including sculptures, miniature paintings, decorative arts, and artefacts from various periods of Indian history.
5. Indian Museum, Kolkata: Established in 1814 has a vast collection of art and artefacts, including sculptures, paintings, coins, and archaeological finds.
6. Government Museum and Art Gallery, Chandigarh features a diverse collection of artworks, including Gandhara sculptures, miniature paintings, and contemporary Indian art.
7. Jehangir Art Gallery, Mumbai: established in 1952, is one of the most prominent art galleries in Mumbai. It hosts regular exhibitions featuring works by both emerging and established Indian artists.

Museums and Social Media

Social media platforms offer museums powerful tools to connect with audiences, engage them in new ways such as-

• Increased reach and visibility
• Enhanced engagement: It enables museums to share stories, behind-the-scenes glimpses, educational content, and interactive experiences, fostering deeper engagement with visitors.
• Community building: Museums can create online communities through social media, fostering conversations, encouraging feedback, and building a sense of belonging among visitors.
• Promotion of events: It is a vital tool for promoting upcoming events, exhibitions, and programs, driving attendance and interest.

Challenges faced by Art Museums

1. Competition: Social media is a crowded space, and museums need to stand out effectively.
2. Content creation: Creating engaging and relevant content consistent planning.
3. Access: Museums need to ensure their social media presence is accessible to diverse audiences and caters to various learning styles.
4. Measuring effectiveness: Tracking the impact of social media efforts and demonstrating their value requires specific metrics and analysis.
5. Virtual presence: Museums are increasingly using live video to offer virtual tours and experiences, making their collections accessible remotely.
6. Social media influencers: Collaboration with relevant influencers can broaden reach and attract new audiences.
7. New platforms: Staying informed about new platforms and adapting strategies accordingly is key for museums to stay relevant.

Conclusion-

• Art museums serve as cultural hubs and hotspots where visitors can engage with and learn about art, history, and different cultures through curated exhibitions, educational programmes like lectures, workshops and special events.
• They play a crucial role in preserving cultural heritage, fostering creativity, nurturing new ideas, and promoting dialogue and understanding among diverse communities.

Chapter 6- From the Art with Intelligence to Artificial Intelligence

• Art and intelligence have always been bound to each other since ancient times.
• We did not have artificial intelligence during ancient times, but we had a plethora of art with remarkable intelligence.
• Art and culture serve as expressions of identity, reflecting communities' values, beliefs, and traditions.
• Through creative expression, artists address social issues, advocate for Justice, and promote positive societal change.
• The rise of digital technology has given birth to new art forms, such as digital painting, graphic design, animation, and interactive media.
• Websites, social galleries, and digital art marketplaces allow artists to reach a wider audience, connect with fellow creators, and even sell their artwork directly to collectors.
• Digital preservation techniques, such as digitization, metadata management, and digital archiving, are essential for ensuring the long-term preservation and accessibility of digital artworks for future generations.
• Digital art creation requires proficiency in digital tools and software, which may pose barriers for artists lacking training or resources.
• One of the primary concerns is Data Privacy; collecting and storing personal information, conducting financial transactions, and sharing creative content online carry inherent risks that require robust cybersecurity measures and data protection protocols.
• The combination of art and digital technology has led to the creation of a new, revitalized form of art known as ‘digital art'.
• Digital art has transformed not only painting, graphic design, installations, and animation but has also given new perspectives to poetry, music, and sculpture.
• The use of Digital technologies can be seen in the following art forms in modern times: Visual Art, Paintings, Sculpture, Architecture, Performing Art, Dance, Music, Cinematography etc.

Conclusion-

• Digital platforms have given people open access to art and culture, allowing them to participate from anywhere in the world at the ease of their fingertips. The digital era has helped create new art and cultural expression forms, making them accessible worldwide. Still, it also comes in handy with privacy, digital rights, and copyright infringement issues.
• Although digital technology is used in almost all art forms, making it more exciting and accessible, it sometimes gives audiences unrealistic pleasure,
• Hence, the motive of true art fails. We might need to restrict ourselves or Create boundaries for how much we use digital technology.

Mains Practice Question: - (in around 250 words)

Q1. Discuss the role of museums and institutions in preserving and promoting Indian art and cultural heritage.

Q2. Safeguarding the Indian art heritage is the need of the moment. Discuss.

Q3. Indian folk art and crafts have a rich cultural heritage that showcases the diversity of Indian culture. Discuss